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Answer:
This question was kindly answered by Dr I.
The reason why oil can be dissolved in water when a surfactant is added
First of all, think about the reason without considering the
decrease of interfacial tension. Of course there is a relationship
between them, however, it is micelle formation rather than the
decreasing of interfacial tension that plays an important role in
dissolving oil in water.
Surfactants form an aggregate, called a micelle in the aqueous
phase when their concentration is increased. This aggregate is
spherical, the hydrophobic part (carbon chain) of the surfactant turns
toward the inside, and the hydrophilic part is turned toward outside.
Therefore, oil can easily go inside the micelle. This phenomenon is
called “the solubilization of oil by micelles”.
Interfacial tension
Interfacial tension is a force at the interface that acts to
decrease the area of the interface. Actually it is possible to measure
the interfacial tension. A drop of water can hang down from the edge
of a glass tube using the force at the interface. However, when the
interfacial tension is weaker, only a smaller (lighter) drop can hang
down from the edge of the glass. The interfacial tension can be
measured using this phenomenon.
The reason why surface tension is decreased when something is
adsorbed on the surface
The attractive force between water molecules is greater than
that between other molecules because of the hydrogen bonding. At the
surface, the attractive force works only from inside since there is no
water on the outside (air side), so a water molecule on the surface is
strongly attracted toward the inside. This force is called “surface
tension”. However, when something is adsorbed on the water surface,
interactions between the adsorbed molecules themselves and also the
adsorbed molecules and the water occur at the surface, so that the
surface tension decreases.
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Dr. I for his careful teaching and kind
support for this answer.
This article is translated by Chemistryquestion.com from the original article in Chemistryquestion.jp. Please let us know if you find any errors.
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